广鉴新道论坛之十六---《塔木德的智慧》
浏览：
是3300年前出埃及的朔风悲壮，
是死海潮涨潮落的勃勃生机，
是耶路撒冷风干不了的串串眼泪，
是诺贝尔领奖台上的潇洒风趣......
是怎样的信念铸就这样一个
群星璀璨的群体？
是怎样的过去演绎了这样一个
举世惊叹的现代传奇?
我？
放下答案，
就像犹太人千年来面对任何一个难题；
您？
发现问题，
就像广鉴“新道论坛”上的章那达领事
在回答您我可能好奇的任何一个问题！
I. 中以友谊：大异大同
The relationship between China and Israel is a very interesting relationship because when you look at the sheer numbers in physics, it seems as if China and Israel have absolutely nothing in common：China has the largest population in the world, as one of the largest areas/countries in the world, and Chinese people has always lived in China, and anybody who ever tried to conquer China would be driven out or assimilated into China.
Israel is very different. Israel is a very tiny country. The size of Israel is about 4 times the size of Shanghai, the population of Israel is smaller than the population of Hangzhou, so it is a very very small country.
And the Jews, the Jewish population, like you said is about 80% of the population, for 3000 or 2000 years, we lived all over the world.
中以两国关系非常有趣，看看数据似乎两国之间完全没有任何交集：
中国有世界最多的人口，是面积最大的国家之一，中国人永远安居本土，任何侵略者不是被驱逐出去就是被中国同化。
以色列却完全不同：小国寡民—— 面积只有上海的四倍：约2.3万平方公里；人口850万，还没有杭州多。约占人口80%的以色列人2-3000年来，一直过着居无定所的漂泊生活。
So why do we have such good relationship?
Why do so many Chinese do business in Israel?
Why the relationship between our government is so strong?
Why the business between Israel & China is so strong?
为什么这样的两个国家会有良好的友谊？
为什么大批中国人要去以色列经商？
两国政府间为什么会有紧密的联系？
中以两国的经济关系为什么如此强劲？
I think despite we are very different in numbers, we are very very similar in our civilizations and in our culture.
Both Israel & China are very ancient civilizations, Chinese civilizations is about 5000 years old, and Jews civilizations is about 3500 years old. Both of us look with pride into our culture, but we do not look at our culture as sth. of our past, we look at our culture as tools to build our future.
我想这是因为尽管在数据上中以两国格格不入，但在文明和文化上却又是那样的大同小异：中以都是文明古国，中国有5000年文明史。以色列的文明史也长达3500年；两国都以彼此的文化为荣；双方都不把文化当作过去的尘埃，而看作开创未来的得力工具。
If you ask me “What do you know about Jews?” which is what we are going to do today, that is a bit about our culture, which is a small part of our culture, which is called Talmud, which is sth. I think really mainly about what they are, perhaps what people receive about the Jews could be.
If I ask you “What do you know about Jewish people?”，what would you answer?
今天我们讨论的主题是犹太文明的一小部分——《塔木德》，如果你问：“你对犹太人了解多少？”我想这主要是谈论犹太人是怎样一个族群，或许别人眼中的犹太人的形象。
如果我问：“你对犹太人了解多少?”你会怎样回答？
“Clever!”, “Rich!” “ A small cap on the head!”
- “Some of them, it depends, ”. “Work hard!”
“聪敏！”“富有！”
“头上戴顶小帽子！”
-“有些人带，要看情况的。”“工作勤奋！”
Thank you very much!
I think what most of us know about Jewish is that they are rich, clever, and may be good at business.
Not all Jewish are very rich, no many many Jewish are very smart. But we probably have very great public relation, or advertising.
Why, it is true, are there some leading Jewish business people? And quite a lot of Jewish people are successful, work hard, as you said, and make some money? There are some Jewish people who are smart, if you look at these, which is interesting, the number of Jewish people who won the Nobel Prize, which is much higher than other minority group. Why is that?
十分感谢！
看来大多数人心中的犹太人印象是：有钱，聪明，或许还很会做生意。
事实上，并非所有的犹太人都有钱，以色列人也不个个聪明，这或许是因为我们的公关做得比较好吧。不可否认，有一些举世瞩目的犹太商界大亨，还有一大批发奋工作、志得意满的犹太商人。有趣的是，犹太人获得诺贝尔奖的人数也远远高于其他民族，这是什么原因？
There is no answer. Nobody knows really 100% why. If anybody knew what the reasons are of how you become rich, a lot of which is luck. Something, I think, many times, is certain things, certain ways, how you act.
So, Talmud, which is Jewish religious books, is sometimes methodology, which is said to be our religious code, that allows people to think in a certain way, to practice our minds in a certain way, which I think, some people over the earth have managed to use for their benefit.
没有答案。没人一清二楚。如果有人知道你发财的秘密，很大一部分原因是：运气。许多时候，是某次机缘，是你应对事情的某种方式起了作用。
《塔木德》是犹太人的宗教书籍，有时候它是一套方法论，它被视作犹太人的宗教法典。《塔木德》让人们以某种方式思考和训练大脑，我想，世界上已经有些人成功地把《塔木德》为己所用了。
So that will take you back about 3,300 years ago,life was very hard. In China, there were wars among small states, as far as I know from the history. And In the Middle East, in the area of Egypt, there was probably tribes of slaves in the town who left for an agricultural area which is now Israel.
还是回溯到生活十分艰辛的3300年前。据我所知，中国是诸侯纷战的战国时代，在中东，今天的埃及，一批奴隶部族离开家乡到达了一块土地，这块土地就是今天的以色列。
Interestingly enough, there were language and people. Just like I would build a time machine to send any of you back 3300 years ago. So maybe the Chinese people who lived then didn’t know what a time machine is, but you would be able to talk to them. There were certain things which would be similar because you all have the same civilization, you all have the same language, more or less, they don’t change any more, there would be certain things you would be able to understand a Chinese person 3300 years ago.
非常有趣的是，当时有了人，还有人的语言。假如我造一个时间机器，把你们中间的一个人送回3300年前，或许3300年前的中国人对时间机器一无所知，但你们仍然可以和他们对话。这是因为你们之间有许多相似的东西：语言和文化都没怎么变，这些东西能让你和3300年前的古人轻松交流。
If I transport a Jewish person back, he would have the same language, but the culture was very different. He would meet a group of people, who might speak his language, but their religions were different, there were just released from Egypt from the land state. Their leaders were looking for somehow a nation into civilization. For that they understand immediately that one of the important things of the society of what civilization means is law.
假如我把一个以色列人送到3300年前，他说当地人一样的语言，但是文化却不一样了。他很可能碰到一群人，说着和他一样的与语言，但有不同的宗教信仰。他们刚从埃及的土地上逃离出来。他们的头人正试图建立一个文明国家，很快他们便意识到决定文明社会的一个重要元素是法律。
II. 答案问题：孰轻孰重？
Immediately we were given laws. We believe religiously that laws were given by God. But whether you are religious or not religious,it is interesting to see that it is still a nation in the middle east. It starts writing a lot of laws, many many laws, hundreds of laws, more laws and more and more laws.
即刻，以色列人有了法律。我们相信是上帝制定了法律。无论你信不信上帝，看见中东有这么一个国家，有法律，而且法律源源不断地涌现出来还是一个很有趣的现象。
In Jews today, you should know, Jews are fascinated with laws and Israel is a country with most lawyer practitioners. A Jewish mother’s biggest dream is her son to become a doctor, or either a doctor or a lawyer, probably, a doctor and a lawyer. The law for the written book is called The Bible. How many of you have heard the Bible? It is not the most famous book in the world, but I think today it is one of the most printed book in the world.
你们该知道的是，在今天的以色列，犹太人醉心于法律，以色列的律师也令人侧目。犹太母亲最大的梦想就是自己的儿子长大当个医生、或律师、或又当医生又作律师。白纸黑字的法律专集就叫《圣经》，你们有多少人听说过这本书？《圣经》并非世界名著，但却是世界上印刷数量虽多的一本书。
But it is true that 95% of the people in the world know the Bible, know very little part of the Bible, they only know the stories. Maybe 10% of the Bible is stories, about God, Abram, Moses, Jesus later on in the newer part of the Bible... But they are just about 10% of the Bible. 90% of the Bible is very boring, and it is a lot of laws. The Bible is a book of laws.
的确，全世界95%的人知道《圣经》，但只有为数不多的人知道《圣经》的一部分，绝大多数人知道的是《圣经》的故事。或许《圣经》只有10%才是讲故事的：上帝、亚伯拉罕、摩西、《新约》中的基督.... 《圣经》的90%是相当枯燥的,《圣经》是一本法律书。
According to the religion, they divided the Bible into 52 parts, there are 52 weeks in a year. And every Saturday in a week they get around into synagogue.Since most parts are about laws. They just sit and read laws. Try to imagine this, the group, all of us on Saturday, every one of us, for thousands of years, sit at 9:00 in the morning, sit about an hour, hear somebody reading of laws. Not very interesting, it doesn’t sound interesting, right?
因为一年有52周，宗教人士把《圣经》相应划分为52个版块，每个周六，犹太人聚集在犹太教堂，坐下来阅读这些法律条文。想想看吧，我们一群人，每个人，早9点坐下来，大约一个小时，听某个人阅读法律，这么一听就听了上千年！ 有意思吗？听听都没劲，是不是？
Even if you are interested in laws, to hear every time the same thing all you life, I’m 34, I heard 34 times the same thing, and I’m going to hear it this Saturday, and I heard it last Saturday. We’ll do a little practice. There were law that says if I organize a Chinese lecture, or event. What do I need? According to Bible, we always need people sitting with tables and chairs.
即便你对法律有兴趣，每次听同样的东西听了一辈子，拿我自己来说吧: 我34岁了，同样的东西我听过34遍，本周六再去听上周六听过的同样的内容，这是什么感觉？来，打个比方：假如我要在中国开个讲座，按照《圣经》的条文，都需要些什么呢？《圣经》会告诉你：备好人们用的桌椅。
But why? What should be the size of the table? Should people sit around the same table? Could the table be around? Or should the table be square? How high should be the table? What color should the table be? Should it be wood? Should it be metal? Etc.
为什么要这样呢？桌子该多大尺寸？大家都围坐同一张桌子么？桌子该方还是该圆呢？桌子的高度多少？颜色呢？材质呢？诸如此类，许多问题。
So the Jews keep asking these questions. So they ask Ra-bi: “Why?” A Ra-bi is a Jewish priest, he gives them answers! So the book that answers these questions they call it Mishenat(？). It says the table should be white, be square, one meter... That lasts for about thousand of years. But after a thousand years, more questions start coming out. Like people say Jewish people are very argumentative. And that is sth. that may seem to happen. What happened was the Jewish Rabi understood what is important is not the answers, if you answer the questions, there would always be new questions. But what is important is how to think, in order to ask more questions, and some of them may also be able to bring the answers by yourself, and that was most important.
犹太人不停地发问，他们问了拉比这许多的“为什么？”拉比就是犹太人的神父，拉比都会给他们答案的！回答此类问题的一本书叫Mishnat(?)，书里回答了桌子的颜色、尺寸.....等等问题。就这样，时光飞逝千年！有人说犹太人是喜欢辩论的，千年后，一定又有更多问题层出不穷地冒出来！这似乎是许多人的预料，后面发生的事情却是：拉比终于意识到：重要的并非答案—— 你找到了一个答案，和答案一块儿冒出来的是更多的问题。发问会促使一个人思考，有些人在思考的同时自己就能解决问题，因此如何思考才更重要。
The Talmud is about the methodology of questions, constantly thinking about questions, constantly questioning. And that became very very Jewish. A Jewish is not very good at giving answers, but he is very very good at asking questions. My son is only three years old. He always keeps asking our 阿姨 every day: “阿姨，这个是什么？这个是什么?” What he always does is questioning. That was important thing for us. Talmud is a bit boring, I’ll tell you about how it is to be implemented into business, because most of you are business people, how Talmud tells us how to become better business people or managers,etc.
《塔木德》就是一套关于如何思考、如何质疑的方法论体系，它展示的是典型的犹太风格：犹太人并不擅长给答案，他们擅长的是提问题。我的儿子只有3岁，他老是不停向阿姨问东问西，对我们来说，重要的是提问。《塔木德》有些枯燥，因为大家多数是商界人士，我告诉你们如何把《塔木德》用到商场中去，让大家能够更成功。
Two people fall from the same chimney at the same time, one person comes out clean, the other comes out dirty. Which one of them will go and wash himself? A question for you.
......
Who thinks the dirty one will go and wash himself?
Why do you think the clean one?
“Because the clean one looks at the dirty one and thinks himself dirty. ”
Very good answer! The guy who is dirty looks at the clean one thinks “I am clean.”
两个人同时落入一个烟囱，一个黑乎乎地出来，另一个很干净地出来。我的问题：那一个会去洗澡？有谁认为要去洗的是脏的那个？你为什么认为是干净的那个呢？
“因为干净的那个看见脏的就以为自己是脏的，于是去洗了。”
回答得很好！而那个脏的看见干净的就想“我很干净。”于是不洗了！
One hour later, the same two people fall down into the same chimney. And again the dirty one comes out dirty, and the clean one comes out clean. Now which one of them will go and wash himself?
So why the dirty one will go and wash himself? Because the clean one, you remember an hour ago, the clean one saw the dirty one so he went to wash himself. This time the dirty one saw the clean one wash himself, so he also went to wash himself.
一小时后，两个人又掉进同一个烟囱，再一次出来，脏的还是脏，干净的还是干净。这次哪一个会去清洗呢? 为什么是脏的那个？记得一个小时前干净的那个吗？他看见脏的对方，所以去洗了；这次是脏的看见干净的前面洗了，所以他就去洗了。
But in Israel, they are not the answer we are looking for. In Talmud, the answer could be different. How does it make sense that two people fall down into the same chimney and one comes out clean and one come out dirty？ Does it make sense? You were all thinking about the answer to the question, but how many of you were thinking about the question？One of the important thing in Talmud is, understood there were always be answers and always be more questions, first, to check the question, first question the question. There are so many Jewish Nobel Prize winners. Because what is a great scientist? Because great scientists learn science he goes learns science and he asks questions like Einstein, “May be it is a bit different.” and he makes his discovery!
在以色列，这并不是我们期待的答案。按《塔木德》的精神，这道题的答案并非这样：两人落入同一个烟囱，一个出来脏兮兮，一个出来干净净，有这样的可能吗？你们大家刚才都在想问题的答案，有几个人在想这个问题本身呢? 《塔木德》里一个重要的思想就是: 要明白: 有答案，就有更多问题。该做的第一件事是：先核查一下问题！先问问问题本身！有太多世人瞩目的犹太人诺贝尔奖获得者，为什么？怎样才算一个伟大的科学家？就像爱因斯坦一样，伟大的科学家是通过不断提问来学科学的：“或许还有其他不同的答案？”就这样，科学家有了新发现！
With businessmen, usually the same thing. You get something, and you ask: “Why not do it different?”For instance, How many of you know mobile? How many of have used it? One year ago, there wasn’t anything like this, right? Is it complicated? Is there something that is invented which completely changed the technology on the earth five years ago? I guess what they did was they asked very easy question, you see, why do I have to own the bike? I call a taxi, I don’t own the car, so they do the same thing with the bicycle. Many times it is not about the answer, it is about the question. It is simply the question.
做生意的道理和科研的道理是一样的。遇到事了，问问自己：“为什么不换个方式/角度来做呢？”举个例子：有多少人知道公共自行车？多少人用了？一年前是没有这项服务的，这项业务复杂吗？它有能彻底改变五年前人类的科技发明吗？我想开发这项事业的人不过是问了一个简单问题：为什么我非要买辆自行车不可呢？没有小车，我可以打出租；没有自行车，为什么就不能租辆自行车呢？于是他们在自行车领域开展了汽车模式的变革。
许多时候不是答案，而是问题，仅仅就只是一个问题。
I don’t know any of you thinking about asking question, but I would imagine, if I asked you this question 2 or 3 years ago, you would probably come us with the answer “Why rent a mobile?” then it ’ll be probably your idea. I was asking you two people falling down the chimney, absolutely, there is no logical sense.You were thinking about the clean one and dirty one, nobody asking about the question. The Talmud is about 24 books, in which all your reading is about ancient Ra-bis constantly arguing, constantly questioning each other.
我不知道你们中的任何人是否想过提我问题，不过我想，如果2、3年前我要问你这个问题，你或许会反问：“为什么不租辆脚踏车？”那这项公共脚踏车的创意就是你的了。我问你们两个掉进烟囱里的人的问题，这个问题本身没有任何逻辑意义，但你们却在考虑是干净的还是脏的会去洗。没有一个人想到要问我问题。《塔木德》一共有24本书，里面记载的内容全是古代的拉比们频繁质疑、唇枪舌战的事例。
(节约篇幅例三概述) 领事的岳母哈佛大学化学系毕业，回到以色列好不容易在一家电脑公司找到秘书岗位，但她误以为那是一个高职位。上班第一天，公司老板级别的人悉数到场开会。三位大、小老板先后发言，领事的岳母只字不写，她的老板很奇怪她为什不不做笔录，但又想：她是哈佛的高材生，记忆力一定惊人，于是不动声色。没想到三位领导人物发言完毕，领事的岳母郑重其事对大家说：“好，现在我来总结一下！”她的老板在明白事情后，对领事岳母说：“好的，你还不明自自己的职位，没关系。你是哈佛毕业的，就做我们的电脑编程吧！” 岳母说：“我不会电脑编程。 ”老板说：“我们也一点不会。”
Why did I tell you the story? Does it matter that she doesn’t know how to use the computer？No, because she could learn that. What is important is be able to have the potential to ask questions, this is very Jewish. We don’t care so much about the person and the position. We care much about what is great to the job. What is most important in Israel culture and Talmud is to constantly ask questions. We very much respect people who doubt things，look at things from different aspects. That is Talmud.
我为什么要讲这样一个故事呢？她不会用电脑很重要吗？不重要，因为她能学会，重要的是有能够质疑的能力，这才是犹太风格。对人、对职位我们并不在意，我们介意的是最佳的工作状态。以色列文化和《塔木德》精神就是不断质疑，尊重有质疑精神的人，多角度思考问题，这就是《塔木德》。
Why do we need a table? We just sit around,we don’t even need a table. How do we make our company strong? In Israel, business meetings were always trying to do problems by introducing something. “I bring you something, and my work is not to expect you to tell you that I’m right. I’m expecting you to tell me that I’m wrong.” I”ll respect you to tell me wrong.In Israel, you can not speak 2 minutes without 10 people ask you 50 questions. There are many things many times to be able to do this because imagine...
为什么需要一张桌子呢？我们完全可以不用桌子—— 围成一个圈就可以了。在以色列，开会通常是要解决问题的。“我带来一个问题，我的任务不是想让你告诉我，我做对了；是想让你告诉我，我做错了。”我期待你们告诉我错了。
在以色列，你要发言2分钟，非有10个人问你50个问题不可！很多事情很多时间我们可以做到这一点，因为只要想想......
I know that’s cultural difference. Israels are very informal people. We don’t have a podium to stand behind, I am a politician, we don’t even do this. I realize that in China it is different. I don’t think Israels should become Chinese,and I don’t think Chinese should become Israels. And I don’t think Chinese should become Americans and the Americans should become Chinese. We all very proud of our culture. Obviously, people say that Israel is a land of innovation, China is a country of innovation. We are sitting in Pudong. 30 years ago, this place was a rice field.
我明白这是因为文化差异。以色列人是很随意的，这样的演讲我们是没有一个前台给你站在后面的，即便我是以色列的领事，我们也不这么做，但在中国情况就不同了。我不认为以色列人该成为中国人，也不认为中国人都要变成以色列人；我不觉得中国人该成美国人，美国人也不该成中国人，我们各自以本民族的文化为荣。当然，如今大家说以色列是创新之国，中国也是创新国家啊！我们所在的浦东，30年前不还是水稻田吗！
And I do think that there are a few things that might help people if you think it is important. There are a lot of things I take from Chinese culture and I hope I’ll implement into my family. I’m still very proud of my family, we would be Jewish and we learn a lot good things from Chinese. Nowadays, we are talking about culture, about culture differences, I think it is understanding and proud of our culture. So, be proud of your culture.
如果你们认为重要的话，我认为还是有些东西可以帮到大家的。我从中华文化中学到许多，我也希望把这些用到我的家里去，我很以自已的家庭为荣：我们依然是犹太家庭，但又从中国学到许多有益的东西。如今，大家都在谈论文化和文化差异，我想这其实就是一种理解和文化自豪感，所以，为你们的中华文化自豪吧！
And I apologize for talking for so long, in Israel I can’t talk five minutes for 40 questions. But if you have any questions about anything, that’ll be good time. If you ask questions, it’ll make me very happy. So if you don’t ask me questions, I’m going to ask you questions！
很抱歉我说得太多了，在以色列回答不了40个问题我可是讲不了5分钟的。如果你们提任何问题，我会很开心，今天的论坛也会更圆满。如果你们不问，我就要向你们发问了！
III. 现场问答：海阔天空
1. Can you sum up the wisdom of Talmud?
That is a big question！I’m always afraid of summering up something, especially sth. for thousands of years with 24 books. In one sentence, I’ll do like this: Jewish have the Bible, the book of laws, and they continue to add more and more laws, they understood that there would be more and more laws, in order to change that, what they did was they started new methodology, which is Talmud, which is to ask questions thinking about the actual laws before talking about their answers,just thinking about the questions, That means every person would be able to make a big understanding.So change the story, this is what I’m trying to say. And we change every time the story according to the questions. And what is important is the question.
1.能概括一下《塔木德》的智慧吗？
这可是个大问题! 我一向害怕概括，尤其像对有上千年历史的24本系列书籍的《塔木德》的概括。如果用一句话,我会这样概括：犹太人不断地为一本法学书籍《圣经》增加越来越多的条款规定，他们明白各种法规只会成倍增长，为了改变这一状况，他们开创了一种叫做《塔木德》的方法论。这种方法论要求回答问题前先质疑现有的法律，换句话说，要思考问题本身。这意味着每个人都能深入地思考。我想表达的也就是改变故事，根据不同问题来改变原来的故事，重要的一定是问题。
2. What is the root reason of Jews being successful and wise? Is it because the Bible and Talmud?
There is always problem. Think of human beings, on one hand, we always want to be special, we want to feel different. But its is really scary sometimes. If all of us will be wearing a tie, like today, and one person isn’t wearing a tie, and he will panic. He is special, he doesn’t want to be special, he wants to be like anybody else. It is a bit of human things. So Jewish are also very different, some of them are good, not all Jewish are good, maybe the rich Jewish or smart Jews, I don’t know. You know, there were many many many generations Jews were prosecuted, people wanted to kill Jews. So it is good to be different and it is bad to be different.
2.犹太人成功智慧的根本原因是什么？是因为有《圣经》和《塔木德》吗？
永远都会有问题的。想想人类吧,一方面，人人想与众不同，但有时候这真的很可怕。像今天，假如我们人人打条领带，有一人没打，他与众不同，他会害怕：他并不想特殊，他想和别人一样，这多少是人性。犹太人也与众不同，有些很好，也有一些并不好，或许是有钱聪明的犹太人吧，我不很清楚。你们知道，祖祖辈辈的犹太人遭受过迫害，别人想灭杀害犹太人。所以，与众不同是好事，也是坏事。
3. Why did Hilter kill the Jewish? Is it because they are very smart or troublesome?
Six million Jewish were killed in holocaust, my grandparents ran away and all the family were killed in the holocaust. And sometimes there is not WHY. Some questions have no answers. I’m going to answer you like this: you think Jews are rich and smart? Check! Not all Jews are smart, not all Jews are rich, there are probably more Chinese billionaire, and there are definitely more Chinese professors.
3.希特勒为什么要屠杀犹太人？是因为他们太聪明还是讨人嫌？
大屠杀时600万犹太人蒙难，我的祖父母逃跑了，家人都被杀。有时候并不是所有问题都有答案的。我还是这样回答你吧：你觉得犹太人既有钱又聪明？去核实一下！不是所有犹太人都聪明、都有钱的。或许中国有更多的亿万富豪，中国一定有比以色列多得多的教授。
4. An oral invitation of visiting from a lady:
（Part of ）I do know that the past is very important, the future is also very important. One of the things that I love China is to see in China that parents and grandparents to bring their kids to parks, to museums, to concerts. The reason why China a super power nowadays and Israel is also such a nation is because we care about our family, we care about education, we care about our children. That is very very important, that is very important in Jewish culture.
4.回应一位女士的参观邀请
(部分）过去的确很重要，未来也很重要。我喜欢中国的一个原因是我看见中国的家长带孩子去公园、去博物馆、去音乐厅。今天的中国是个大国，今天的以色列也还不错是因为两国都重视家庭、重视教育和下一代，这在以色列文化中，也很重要。
5. Children are taught to keep the rules in China, yet Jewish kids are taught a critical way of thinking to break the laws. How to balance?
Questioning doesn’t means breaking the law. We keep the laws, and we keep on questioning. Again, people believe the laws were made by God. Sometimes there is a “Grey Area”,
中国的家长教育孩子是要遵规守纪的，但犹太人教给孩子的是一种打破规则的批判性思维，如何平衡这两种教育的差异？
质疑并不是打破规则，我们质疑，我们也同样守规，再说明一次，犹太人相信法律规则都是神制定的。当然，有时候也会有“灰色地带”。
6. It is reported that a Jew reads about 60 books a year on average. What kind of books do Jews read, useful books, or personal improvement books?
When I was a child, my parents always said in old tradition many years ago, Jews learned to read and write, Jewish cover the words with honey and they leave the taste in their mouth.from writing, from words. What we do is to teach the child according to the child. Too many times, we are teaching our children what is good for for us, not good for them, what interests us, not interests them, or you think what interests them. And in Israel, the most important thing is we try to teach people to read. If you love to read sports or newspaper, Good! It doesn’t matter! Just read a bit because we believe that you start reading things about that, maybe one day you’ll be interested in things on that,maybe not, Maybe you’ll be a journalist in NBA. My son is 3 years old, he can not read. But every night, before we go to bed, what we do is I read a story, and I ask him to read the story. He can not read the events, but he is getting used to looking at a little this “Hmmm......” You know what I mean. He gets into an idea of reading, and that’s an important thing.
6.据报道一个以色列人一年要读60本书，他们都读哪些书：是实用的还是自我提升类的书籍？
当我还是孩童的时候，我的爸妈总给我说，很久很久以前犹太人都是要学习阅读和书写的。犹太人把书本上涂上蜂蜜，孩子们的小口能从阅读和书写的字上留下甜蜜的味道来。犹太人所做的是针对孩子，因材施教。很多时候，我们教给孩子对我们而不是对他们有益的东西；我们感兴趣或者我们认为他们感兴趣的东西。在以色列，最重要的是教会孩子阅读，如果孩子爱看体育或看报，没关系啊，让他读，因为犹太人相信孩子去读就表明有这方面的兴趣，不定哪天他就成了NBA的记者了！儿子3岁了，还不能阅读，没晚睡前，我都会读书给他，然后让他也读给我听。他当然是读不了情节的, 但他已经养成看见标题就发出“hummm”的声音。他有了阅读的意识，这才是重要的。
讲座性质：新道论坛文化讲座
讲座主题：《塔木德的智慧》
讲座时间：2017年4月27日
15:00—— 17:30
讲座地点：广鉴学院（上海浦东秀浦路3188号F5单元86号）
讲座主持：陈慧老师
是死海潮涨潮落的勃勃生机，
是耶路撒冷风干不了的串串眼泪，
是诺贝尔领奖台上的潇洒风趣......
是怎样的信念铸就这样一个
群星璀璨的群体？
是怎样的过去演绎了这样一个
举世惊叹的现代传奇?
我？
放下答案，
就像犹太人千年来面对任何一个难题；
您？
发现问题，
就像广鉴“新道论坛”上的章那达领事
在回答您我可能好奇的任何一个问题！
I. 中以友谊：大异大同The relationship between China and Israel is a very interesting relationship because when you look at the sheer numbers in physics, it seems as if China and Israel have absolutely nothing in common：China has the largest population in the world, as one of the largest areas/countries in the world, and Chinese people has always lived in China, and anybody who ever tried to conquer China would be driven out or assimilated into China.
Israel is very different. Israel is a very tiny country. The size of Israel is about 4 times the size of Shanghai, the population of Israel is smaller than the population of Hangzhou, so it is a very very small country.
And the Jews, the Jewish population, like you said is about 80% of the population, for 3000 or 2000 years, we lived all over the world.
中以两国关系非常有趣，看看数据似乎两国之间完全没有任何交集：
中国有世界最多的人口，是面积最大的国家之一，中国人永远安居本土，任何侵略者不是被驱逐出去就是被中国同化。
以色列却完全不同：小国寡民—— 面积只有上海的四倍：约2.3万平方公里；人口850万，还没有杭州多。约占人口80%的以色列人2-3000年来，一直过着居无定所的漂泊生活。
So why do we have such good relationship?
Why do so many Chinese do business in Israel?
Why the relationship between our government is so strong?
Why the business between Israel & China is so strong?
为什么这样的两个国家会有良好的友谊？
为什么大批中国人要去以色列经商？
两国政府间为什么会有紧密的联系？
中以两国的经济关系为什么如此强劲？
I think despite we are very different in numbers, we are very very similar in our civilizations and in our culture.
Both Israel & China are very ancient civilizations, Chinese civilizations is about 5000 years old, and Jews civilizations is about 3500 years old. Both of us look with pride into our culture, but we do not look at our culture as sth. of our past, we look at our culture as tools to build our future.
我想这是因为尽管在数据上中以两国格格不入，但在文明和文化上却又是那样的大同小异：中以都是文明古国，中国有5000年文明史。以色列的文明史也长达3500年；两国都以彼此的文化为荣；双方都不把文化当作过去的尘埃，而看作开创未来的得力工具。
If you ask me “What do you know about Jews?” which is what we are going to do today, that is a bit about our culture, which is a small part of our culture, which is called Talmud, which is sth. I think really mainly about what they are, perhaps what people receive about the Jews could be.
If I ask you “What do you know about Jewish people?”，what would you answer?
今天我们讨论的主题是犹太文明的一小部分——《塔木德》，如果你问：“你对犹太人了解多少？”我想这主要是谈论犹太人是怎样一个族群，或许别人眼中的犹太人的形象。
如果我问：“你对犹太人了解多少?”你会怎样回答？
“Clever!”, “Rich!” “ A small cap on the head!”
- “Some of them, it depends, ”. “Work hard!”
“聪敏！”“富有！”
“头上戴顶小帽子！”
-“有些人带，要看情况的。”“工作勤奋！”
Thank you very much!
I think what most of us know about Jewish is that they are rich, clever, and may be good at business.
Not all Jewish are very rich, no many many Jewish are very smart. But we probably have very great public relation, or advertising.
Why, it is true, are there some leading Jewish business people? And quite a lot of Jewish people are successful, work hard, as you said, and make some money? There are some Jewish people who are smart, if you look at these, which is interesting, the number of Jewish people who won the Nobel Prize, which is much higher than other minority group. Why is that?
十分感谢！
看来大多数人心中的犹太人印象是：有钱，聪明，或许还很会做生意。
事实上，并非所有的犹太人都有钱，以色列人也不个个聪明，这或许是因为我们的公关做得比较好吧。不可否认，有一些举世瞩目的犹太商界大亨，还有一大批发奋工作、志得意满的犹太商人。有趣的是，犹太人获得诺贝尔奖的人数也远远高于其他民族，这是什么原因？
There is no answer. Nobody knows really 100% why. If anybody knew what the reasons are of how you become rich, a lot of which is luck. Something, I think, many times, is certain things, certain ways, how you act.So, Talmud, which is Jewish religious books, is sometimes methodology, which is said to be our religious code, that allows people to think in a certain way, to practice our minds in a certain way, which I think, some people over the earth have managed to use for their benefit.
没有答案。没人一清二楚。如果有人知道你发财的秘密，很大一部分原因是：运气。许多时候，是某次机缘，是你应对事情的某种方式起了作用。
《塔木德》是犹太人的宗教书籍，有时候它是一套方法论，它被视作犹太人的宗教法典。《塔木德》让人们以某种方式思考和训练大脑，我想，世界上已经有些人成功地把《塔木德》为己所用了。
So that will take you back about 3,300 years ago,life was very hard. In China, there were wars among small states, as far as I know from the history. And In the Middle East, in the area of Egypt, there was probably tribes of slaves in the town who left for an agricultural area which is now Israel.
还是回溯到生活十分艰辛的3300年前。据我所知，中国是诸侯纷战的战国时代，在中东，今天的埃及，一批奴隶部族离开家乡到达了一块土地，这块土地就是今天的以色列。
Interestingly enough, there were language and people. Just like I would build a time machine to send any of you back 3300 years ago. So maybe the Chinese people who lived then didn’t know what a time machine is, but you would be able to talk to them. There were certain things which would be similar because you all have the same civilization, you all have the same language, more or less, they don’t change any more, there would be certain things you would be able to understand a Chinese person 3300 years ago.
非常有趣的是，当时有了人，还有人的语言。假如我造一个时间机器，把你们中间的一个人送回3300年前，或许3300年前的中国人对时间机器一无所知，但你们仍然可以和他们对话。这是因为你们之间有许多相似的东西：语言和文化都没怎么变，这些东西能让你和3300年前的古人轻松交流。
If I transport a Jewish person back, he would have the same language, but the culture was very different. He would meet a group of people, who might speak his language, but their religions were different, there were just released from Egypt from the land state. Their leaders were looking for somehow a nation into civilization. For that they understand immediately that one of the important things of the society of what civilization means is law.
假如我把一个以色列人送到3300年前，他说当地人一样的语言，但是文化却不一样了。他很可能碰到一群人，说着和他一样的与语言，但有不同的宗教信仰。他们刚从埃及的土地上逃离出来。他们的头人正试图建立一个文明国家，很快他们便意识到决定文明社会的一个重要元素是法律。
II. 答案问题：孰轻孰重？
Immediately we were given laws. We believe religiously that laws were given by God. But whether you are religious or not religious,it is interesting to see that it is still a nation in the middle east. It starts writing a lot of laws, many many laws, hundreds of laws, more laws and more and more laws.
即刻，以色列人有了法律。我们相信是上帝制定了法律。无论你信不信上帝，看见中东有这么一个国家，有法律，而且法律源源不断地涌现出来还是一个很有趣的现象。
In Jews today, you should know, Jews are fascinated with laws and Israel is a country with most lawyer practitioners. A Jewish mother’s biggest dream is her son to become a doctor, or either a doctor or a lawyer, probably, a doctor and a lawyer. The law for the written book is called The Bible. How many of you have heard the Bible? It is not the most famous book in the world, but I think today it is one of the most printed book in the world.
你们该知道的是，在今天的以色列，犹太人醉心于法律，以色列的律师也令人侧目。犹太母亲最大的梦想就是自己的儿子长大当个医生、或律师、或又当医生又作律师。白纸黑字的法律专集就叫《圣经》，你们有多少人听说过这本书？《圣经》并非世界名著，但却是世界上印刷数量虽多的一本书。
But it is true that 95% of the people in the world know the Bible, know very little part of the Bible, they only know the stories. Maybe 10% of the Bible is stories, about God, Abram, Moses, Jesus later on in the newer part of the Bible... But they are just about 10% of the Bible. 90% of the Bible is very boring, and it is a lot of laws. The Bible is a book of laws.
的确，全世界95%的人知道《圣经》，但只有为数不多的人知道《圣经》的一部分，绝大多数人知道的是《圣经》的故事。或许《圣经》只有10%才是讲故事的：上帝、亚伯拉罕、摩西、《新约》中的基督.... 《圣经》的90%是相当枯燥的,《圣经》是一本法律书。
According to the religion, they divided the Bible into 52 parts, there are 52 weeks in a year. And every Saturday in a week they get around into synagogue.Since most parts are about laws. They just sit and read laws. Try to imagine this, the group, all of us on Saturday, every one of us, for thousands of years, sit at 9:00 in the morning, sit about an hour, hear somebody reading of laws. Not very interesting, it doesn’t sound interesting, right?
因为一年有52周，宗教人士把《圣经》相应划分为52个版块，每个周六，犹太人聚集在犹太教堂，坐下来阅读这些法律条文。想想看吧，我们一群人，每个人，早9点坐下来，大约一个小时，听某个人阅读法律，这么一听就听了上千年！ 有意思吗？听听都没劲，是不是？
Even if you are interested in laws, to hear every time the same thing all you life, I’m 34, I heard 34 times the same thing, and I’m going to hear it this Saturday, and I heard it last Saturday. We’ll do a little practice. There were law that says if I organize a Chinese lecture, or event. What do I need? According to Bible, we always need people sitting with tables and chairs.
即便你对法律有兴趣，每次听同样的东西听了一辈子，拿我自己来说吧: 我34岁了，同样的东西我听过34遍，本周六再去听上周六听过的同样的内容，这是什么感觉？来，打个比方：假如我要在中国开个讲座，按照《圣经》的条文，都需要些什么呢？《圣经》会告诉你：备好人们用的桌椅。
But why? What should be the size of the table? Should people sit around the same table? Could the table be around? Or should the table be square? How high should be the table? What color should the table be? Should it be wood? Should it be metal? Etc. 为什么要这样呢？桌子该多大尺寸？大家都围坐同一张桌子么？桌子该方还是该圆呢？桌子的高度多少？颜色呢？材质呢？诸如此类，许多问题。
So the Jews keep asking these questions. So they ask Ra-bi: “Why?” A Ra-bi is a Jewish priest, he gives them answers! So the book that answers these questions they call it Mishenat(？). It says the table should be white, be square, one meter... That lasts for about thousand of years. But after a thousand years, more questions start coming out. Like people say Jewish people are very argumentative. And that is sth. that may seem to happen. What happened was the Jewish Rabi understood what is important is not the answers, if you answer the questions, there would always be new questions. But what is important is how to think, in order to ask more questions, and some of them may also be able to bring the answers by yourself, and that was most important.
犹太人不停地发问，他们问了拉比这许多的“为什么？”拉比就是犹太人的神父，拉比都会给他们答案的！回答此类问题的一本书叫Mishnat(?)，书里回答了桌子的颜色、尺寸.....等等问题。就这样，时光飞逝千年！有人说犹太人是喜欢辩论的，千年后，一定又有更多问题层出不穷地冒出来！这似乎是许多人的预料，后面发生的事情却是：拉比终于意识到：重要的并非答案—— 你找到了一个答案，和答案一块儿冒出来的是更多的问题。发问会促使一个人思考，有些人在思考的同时自己就能解决问题，因此如何思考才更重要。
The Talmud is about the methodology of questions, constantly thinking about questions, constantly questioning. And that became very very Jewish. A Jewish is not very good at giving answers, but he is very very good at asking questions. My son is only three years old. He always keeps asking our 阿姨 every day: “阿姨，这个是什么？这个是什么?” What he always does is questioning. That was important thing for us. Talmud is a bit boring, I’ll tell you about how it is to be implemented into business, because most of you are business people, how Talmud tells us how to become better business people or managers,etc.
《塔木德》就是一套关于如何思考、如何质疑的方法论体系，它展示的是典型的犹太风格：犹太人并不擅长给答案，他们擅长的是提问题。我的儿子只有3岁，他老是不停向阿姨问东问西，对我们来说，重要的是提问。《塔木德》有些枯燥，因为大家多数是商界人士，我告诉你们如何把《塔木德》用到商场中去，让大家能够更成功。
Two people fall from the same chimney at the same time, one person comes out clean, the other comes out dirty. Which one of them will go and wash himself? A question for you.
......
Who thinks the dirty one will go and wash himself?
Why do you think the clean one?
“Because the clean one looks at the dirty one and thinks himself dirty. ”
Very good answer! The guy who is dirty looks at the clean one thinks “I am clean.”
两个人同时落入一个烟囱，一个黑乎乎地出来，另一个很干净地出来。我的问题：那一个会去洗澡？有谁认为要去洗的是脏的那个？你为什么认为是干净的那个呢？
“因为干净的那个看见脏的就以为自己是脏的，于是去洗了。”
回答得很好！而那个脏的看见干净的就想“我很干净。”于是不洗了！
One hour later, the same two people fall down into the same chimney. And again the dirty one comes out dirty, and the clean one comes out clean. Now which one of them will go and wash himself?
So why the dirty one will go and wash himself? Because the clean one, you remember an hour ago, the clean one saw the dirty one so he went to wash himself. This time the dirty one saw the clean one wash himself, so he also went to wash himself.
一小时后，两个人又掉进同一个烟囱，再一次出来，脏的还是脏，干净的还是干净。这次哪一个会去清洗呢? 为什么是脏的那个？记得一个小时前干净的那个吗？他看见脏的对方，所以去洗了；这次是脏的看见干净的前面洗了，所以他就去洗了。
But in Israel, they are not the answer we are looking for. In Talmud, the answer could be different. How does it make sense that two people fall down into the same chimney and one comes out clean and one come out dirty？ Does it make sense? You were all thinking about the answer to the question, but how many of you were thinking about the question？One of the important thing in Talmud is, understood there were always be answers and always be more questions, first, to check the question, first question the question. There are so many Jewish Nobel Prize winners. Because what is a great scientist? Because great scientists learn science he goes learns science and he asks questions like Einstein, “May be it is a bit different.” and he makes his discovery!
在以色列，这并不是我们期待的答案。按《塔木德》的精神，这道题的答案并非这样：两人落入同一个烟囱，一个出来脏兮兮，一个出来干净净，有这样的可能吗？你们大家刚才都在想问题的答案，有几个人在想这个问题本身呢? 《塔木德》里一个重要的思想就是: 要明白: 有答案，就有更多问题。该做的第一件事是：先核查一下问题！先问问问题本身！有太多世人瞩目的犹太人诺贝尔奖获得者，为什么？怎样才算一个伟大的科学家？就像爱因斯坦一样，伟大的科学家是通过不断提问来学科学的：“或许还有其他不同的答案？”就这样，科学家有了新发现！
With businessmen, usually the same thing. You get something, and you ask: “Why not do it different?”For instance, How many of you know mobile? How many of have used it? One year ago, there wasn’t anything like this, right? Is it complicated? Is there something that is invented which completely changed the technology on the earth five years ago? I guess what they did was they asked very easy question, you see, why do I have to own the bike? I call a taxi, I don’t own the car, so they do the same thing with the bicycle. Many times it is not about the answer, it is about the question. It is simply the question.
做生意的道理和科研的道理是一样的。遇到事了，问问自己：“为什么不换个方式/角度来做呢？”举个例子：有多少人知道公共自行车？多少人用了？一年前是没有这项服务的，这项业务复杂吗？它有能彻底改变五年前人类的科技发明吗？我想开发这项事业的人不过是问了一个简单问题：为什么我非要买辆自行车不可呢？没有小车，我可以打出租；没有自行车，为什么就不能租辆自行车呢？于是他们在自行车领域开展了汽车模式的变革。
许多时候不是答案，而是问题，仅仅就只是一个问题。
I don’t know any of you thinking about asking question, but I would imagine, if I asked you this question 2 or 3 years ago, you would probably come us with the answer “Why rent a mobile?” then it ’ll be probably your idea. I was asking you two people falling down the chimney, absolutely, there is no logical sense.You were thinking about the clean one and dirty one, nobody asking about the question. The Talmud is about 24 books, in which all your reading is about ancient Ra-bis constantly arguing, constantly questioning each other.
我不知道你们中的任何人是否想过提我问题，不过我想，如果2、3年前我要问你这个问题，你或许会反问：“为什么不租辆脚踏车？”那这项公共脚踏车的创意就是你的了。我问你们两个掉进烟囱里的人的问题，这个问题本身没有任何逻辑意义，但你们却在考虑是干净的还是脏的会去洗。没有一个人想到要问我问题。《塔木德》一共有24本书，里面记载的内容全是古代的拉比们频繁质疑、唇枪舌战的事例。
(节约篇幅例三概述) 领事的岳母哈佛大学化学系毕业，回到以色列好不容易在一家电脑公司找到秘书岗位，但她误以为那是一个高职位。上班第一天，公司老板级别的人悉数到场开会。三位大、小老板先后发言，领事的岳母只字不写，她的老板很奇怪她为什不不做笔录，但又想：她是哈佛的高材生，记忆力一定惊人，于是不动声色。没想到三位领导人物发言完毕，领事的岳母郑重其事对大家说：“好，现在我来总结一下！”她的老板在明白事情后，对领事岳母说：“好的，你还不明自自己的职位，没关系。你是哈佛毕业的，就做我们的电脑编程吧！” 岳母说：“我不会电脑编程。 ”老板说：“我们也一点不会。”
Why did I tell you the story? Does it matter that she doesn’t know how to use the computer？No, because she could learn that. What is important is be able to have the potential to ask questions, this is very Jewish. We don’t care so much about the person and the position. We care much about what is great to the job. What is most important in Israel culture and Talmud is to constantly ask questions. We very much respect people who doubt things，look at things from different aspects. That is Talmud.
我为什么要讲这样一个故事呢？她不会用电脑很重要吗？不重要，因为她能学会，重要的是有能够质疑的能力，这才是犹太风格。对人、对职位我们并不在意，我们介意的是最佳的工作状态。以色列文化和《塔木德》精神就是不断质疑，尊重有质疑精神的人，多角度思考问题，这就是《塔木德》。
Why do we need a table? We just sit around,we don’t even need a table. How do we make our company strong? In Israel, business meetings were always trying to do problems by introducing something. “I bring you something, and my work is not to expect you to tell you that I’m right. I’m expecting you to tell me that I’m wrong.” I”ll respect you to tell me wrong.In Israel, you can not speak 2 minutes without 10 people ask you 50 questions. There are many things many times to be able to do this because imagine...
为什么需要一张桌子呢？我们完全可以不用桌子—— 围成一个圈就可以了。在以色列，开会通常是要解决问题的。“我带来一个问题，我的任务不是想让你告诉我，我做对了；是想让你告诉我，我做错了。”我期待你们告诉我错了。
在以色列，你要发言2分钟，非有10个人问你50个问题不可！很多事情很多时间我们可以做到这一点，因为只要想想......
I know that’s cultural difference. Israels are very informal people. We don’t have a podium to stand behind, I am a politician, we don’t even do this. I realize that in China it is different. I don’t think Israels should become Chinese,and I don’t think Chinese should become Israels. And I don’t think Chinese should become Americans and the Americans should become Chinese. We all very proud of our culture. Obviously, people say that Israel is a land of innovation, China is a country of innovation. We are sitting in Pudong. 30 years ago, this place was a rice field.
我明白这是因为文化差异。以色列人是很随意的，这样的演讲我们是没有一个前台给你站在后面的，即便我是以色列的领事，我们也不这么做，但在中国情况就不同了。我不认为以色列人该成为中国人，也不认为中国人都要变成以色列人；我不觉得中国人该成美国人，美国人也不该成中国人，我们各自以本民族的文化为荣。当然，如今大家说以色列是创新之国，中国也是创新国家啊！我们所在的浦东，30年前不还是水稻田吗！
And I do think that there are a few things that might help people if you think it is important. There are a lot of things I take from Chinese culture and I hope I’ll implement into my family. I’m still very proud of my family, we would be Jewish and we learn a lot good things from Chinese. Nowadays, we are talking about culture, about culture differences, I think it is understanding and proud of our culture. So, be proud of your culture.
如果你们认为重要的话，我认为还是有些东西可以帮到大家的。我从中华文化中学到许多，我也希望把这些用到我的家里去，我很以自已的家庭为荣：我们依然是犹太家庭，但又从中国学到许多有益的东西。如今，大家都在谈论文化和文化差异，我想这其实就是一种理解和文化自豪感，所以，为你们的中华文化自豪吧！
And I apologize for talking for so long, in Israel I can’t talk five minutes for 40 questions. But if you have any questions about anything, that’ll be good time. If you ask questions, it’ll make me very happy. So if you don’t ask me questions, I’m going to ask you questions！
很抱歉我说得太多了，在以色列回答不了40个问题我可是讲不了5分钟的。如果你们提任何问题，我会很开心，今天的论坛也会更圆满。如果你们不问，我就要向你们发问了！
III. 现场问答：海阔天空
1. Can you sum up the wisdom of Talmud?
That is a big question！I’m always afraid of summering up something, especially sth. for thousands of years with 24 books. In one sentence, I’ll do like this: Jewish have the Bible, the book of laws, and they continue to add more and more laws, they understood that there would be more and more laws, in order to change that, what they did was they started new methodology, which is Talmud, which is to ask questions thinking about the actual laws before talking about their answers,just thinking about the questions, That means every person would be able to make a big understanding.So change the story, this is what I’m trying to say. And we change every time the story according to the questions. And what is important is the question.
1.能概括一下《塔木德》的智慧吗？
这可是个大问题! 我一向害怕概括，尤其像对有上千年历史的24本系列书籍的《塔木德》的概括。如果用一句话,我会这样概括：犹太人不断地为一本法学书籍《圣经》增加越来越多的条款规定，他们明白各种法规只会成倍增长，为了改变这一状况，他们开创了一种叫做《塔木德》的方法论。这种方法论要求回答问题前先质疑现有的法律，换句话说，要思考问题本身。这意味着每个人都能深入地思考。我想表达的也就是改变故事，根据不同问题来改变原来的故事，重要的一定是问题。
2. What is the root reason of Jews being successful and wise? Is it because the Bible and Talmud?
There is always problem. Think of human beings, on one hand, we always want to be special, we want to feel different. But its is really scary sometimes. If all of us will be wearing a tie, like today, and one person isn’t wearing a tie, and he will panic. He is special, he doesn’t want to be special, he wants to be like anybody else. It is a bit of human things. So Jewish are also very different, some of them are good, not all Jewish are good, maybe the rich Jewish or smart Jews, I don’t know. You know, there were many many many generations Jews were prosecuted, people wanted to kill Jews. So it is good to be different and it is bad to be different.
2.犹太人成功智慧的根本原因是什么？是因为有《圣经》和《塔木德》吗？
永远都会有问题的。想想人类吧,一方面，人人想与众不同，但有时候这真的很可怕。像今天，假如我们人人打条领带，有一人没打，他与众不同，他会害怕：他并不想特殊，他想和别人一样，这多少是人性。犹太人也与众不同，有些很好，也有一些并不好，或许是有钱聪明的犹太人吧，我不很清楚。你们知道，祖祖辈辈的犹太人遭受过迫害，别人想灭杀害犹太人。所以，与众不同是好事，也是坏事。
3. Why did Hilter kill the Jewish? Is it because they are very smart or troublesome?
Six million Jewish were killed in holocaust, my grandparents ran away and all the family were killed in the holocaust. And sometimes there is not WHY. Some questions have no answers. I’m going to answer you like this: you think Jews are rich and smart? Check! Not all Jews are smart, not all Jews are rich, there are probably more Chinese billionaire, and there are definitely more Chinese professors.
3.希特勒为什么要屠杀犹太人？是因为他们太聪明还是讨人嫌？
大屠杀时600万犹太人蒙难，我的祖父母逃跑了，家人都被杀。有时候并不是所有问题都有答案的。我还是这样回答你吧：你觉得犹太人既有钱又聪明？去核实一下！不是所有犹太人都聪明、都有钱的。或许中国有更多的亿万富豪，中国一定有比以色列多得多的教授。
4. An oral invitation of visiting from a lady:
（Part of ）I do know that the past is very important, the future is also very important. One of the things that I love China is to see in China that parents and grandparents to bring their kids to parks, to museums, to concerts. The reason why China a super power nowadays and Israel is also such a nation is because we care about our family, we care about education, we care about our children. That is very very important, that is very important in Jewish culture.
4.回应一位女士的参观邀请
(部分）过去的确很重要，未来也很重要。我喜欢中国的一个原因是我看见中国的家长带孩子去公园、去博物馆、去音乐厅。今天的中国是个大国，今天的以色列也还不错是因为两国都重视家庭、重视教育和下一代，这在以色列文化中，也很重要。
5. Children are taught to keep the rules in China, yet Jewish kids are taught a critical way of thinking to break the laws. How to balance?
Questioning doesn’t means breaking the law. We keep the laws, and we keep on questioning. Again, people believe the laws were made by God. Sometimes there is a “Grey Area”,
中国的家长教育孩子是要遵规守纪的，但犹太人教给孩子的是一种打破规则的批判性思维，如何平衡这两种教育的差异？
质疑并不是打破规则，我们质疑，我们也同样守规，再说明一次，犹太人相信法律规则都是神制定的。当然，有时候也会有“灰色地带”。
6. It is reported that a Jew reads about 60 books a year on average. What kind of books do Jews read, useful books, or personal improvement books?
When I was a child, my parents always said in old tradition many years ago, Jews learned to read and write, Jewish cover the words with honey and they leave the taste in their mouth.from writing, from words. What we do is to teach the child according to the child. Too many times, we are teaching our children what is good for for us, not good for them, what interests us, not interests them, or you think what interests them. And in Israel, the most important thing is we try to teach people to read. If you love to read sports or newspaper, Good! It doesn’t matter! Just read a bit because we believe that you start reading things about that, maybe one day you’ll be interested in things on that,maybe not, Maybe you’ll be a journalist in NBA. My son is 3 years old, he can not read. But every night, before we go to bed, what we do is I read a story, and I ask him to read the story. He can not read the events, but he is getting used to looking at a little this “Hmmm......” You know what I mean. He gets into an idea of reading, and that’s an important thing.
6.据报道一个以色列人一年要读60本书，他们都读哪些书：是实用的还是自我提升类的书籍？
当我还是孩童的时候，我的爸妈总给我说，很久很久以前犹太人都是要学习阅读和书写的。犹太人把书本上涂上蜂蜜，孩子们的小口能从阅读和书写的字上留下甜蜜的味道来。犹太人所做的是针对孩子，因材施教。很多时候，我们教给孩子对我们而不是对他们有益的东西；我们感兴趣或者我们认为他们感兴趣的东西。在以色列，最重要的是教会孩子阅读，如果孩子爱看体育或看报，没关系啊，让他读，因为犹太人相信孩子去读就表明有这方面的兴趣，不定哪天他就成了NBA的记者了！儿子3岁了，还不能阅读，没晚睡前，我都会读书给他，然后让他也读给我听。他当然是读不了情节的, 但他已经养成看见标题就发出“hummm”的声音。他有了阅读的意识，这才是重要的。
讲座性质：新道论坛文化讲座
讲座主题：《塔木德的智慧》
讲座时间：2017年4月27日
15:00—— 17:30
讲座地点：广鉴学院（上海浦东秀浦路3188号F5单元86号）
讲座主持：陈慧老师
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